{"id":21586,"date":"2017-06-08T04:05:00","date_gmt":"2017-06-08T08:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cifar661.wpengine.com\/cifarnews\/2017\/06\/08\/microorganismes-militaris-s\/"},"modified":"2025-12-18T07:02:53","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T12:02:53","slug":"microorganismes-militaris-s","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2017\/06\/08\/microorganismes-militaris-s\/","title":{"rendered":"Microorganismes militaris\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans la course microscopique aux armements entre pr\u00e9dateurs et proies, des milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9volution ont conf\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 certains microorganismes des armes redoutables, comme un harpon empoisonn\u00e9 qui transperce les armures et un lanceur de projectiles s\u2019apparentant \u00e0 une mitrailleuse Gatling.<\/p>\n

On sait depuis longtemps que les protistes dinoflagell\u00e9s Polykrikos kofoidii et Nematodinium portent ces armes et les utilisent pour mettre hors d\u2019\u00e9tat les autres organismes unicellulaires qu\u2019ils chassent. R\u00e9cemment, des boursiers et coll\u00e8gues de l\u2019ICRA ont eu recours \u00e0 la microscopie \u00e9lectronique \u00e0 balayage par faisceaux d\u2019ions focalis\u00e9s pour cr\u00e9er les premi\u00e8res images tridimensionnelles de ces structures en harpon, appel\u00e9es n\u00e9matocystes, et comprendre leur fonctionnement avec une plus grande pr\u00e9cision.<\/p>\n

Le dinoflagell\u00e9 Polykrikos est illustr\u00e9 \u00e0 droite; une fl\u00e8che pointe le n\u00e9matocyste. Le d\u00e9tail du n\u00e9matocyste, en haut, illustre la capsule qui contient un stylet pointu. Un tubule, li\u00e9 \u00e0 cette structure et enroul\u00e9 dessous, sert de c\u00e2ble pour attacher la proie avant de la manger.<\/p>\n

Bien que les n\u00e9matocystes chez le Nematodium ont la m\u00eame origine \u00e9volutive, leur fonctionnement est l\u00e9g\u00e8rement diff\u00e9rent. Entre 11 et 15 d\u2019entre eux sont agenc\u00e9s en cercle un peu comme une mitrailleuse Gatling et tirent simultan\u00e9ment (ci-dessus).<\/p>\n

Ces recherches ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es dans la revue Science Advances. L\u2019auteur principal est Greg Gavelis, postdoctorant \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tat de l\u2019Arizona. Les auteurs superviseurs sont Patrick Keeling et Brian Leander, respectivement directeur et Boursier principal du programme Biodiversit\u00e9 microbienne int\u00e9gr\u00e9e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans la course microscopique aux armements entre pr\u00e9dateurs et proies, des milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9volution ont conf\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 certains microorganismes des armes redoutables, comme un harpon […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":14567,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1851,4172],"tags":[2461,4639],"class_list":["post-21586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-revue-reach","category-revue-reach-2017","tag-brian-leander","tag-reach-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCIFAR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2017\/06\/08\/microorganismes-militaris-s\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Microorganismes militaris\u00e9s - CIFAR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dans la course microscopique aux armements entre pr\u00e9dateurs et proies, des milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9volution ont conf\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 certains microorganismes des armes redoutables, comme un harpon […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2017\/06\/08\/microorganismes-militaris-s\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CIFAR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-06-08T08:05:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-18T12:02:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/reach2017_artofscience.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"543\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Alison Rutka\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Alison Rutka\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2017\/06\/08\/microorganismes-militaris-s\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2017\/06\/08\/microorganismes-militaris-s\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Alison Rutka\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/be6ac84c25822d31a0039f3d6a9a7d1b\"},\"headline\":\"Microorganismes militaris\u00e9s\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-06-08T08:05:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-18T12:02:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2017\/06\/08\/microorganismes-militaris-s\/\"},\"wordCount\":266,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2017\/06\/08\/microorganismes-militaris-s\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/reach2017_artofscience.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Brian Leander\",\"Reach\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Revue Reach\",\"Revue Reach 2017\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2017\/06\/08\/microorganismes-militaris-s\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2017\/06\/08\/microorganismes-militaris-s\/\",\"name\":\"Microorganismes militaris\u00e9s - 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