{"id":21627,"date":"2018-12-11T18:48:22","date_gmt":"2018-12-11T23:48:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cifar661.wpengine.com\/cifarnews\/2018\/12\/11\/prot-ine-pacificatrice-dans-l-intestin-d-un-poisson\/"},"modified":"2025-12-18T05:27:17","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T10:27:17","slug":"prot-ine-pacificatrice-dans-l-intestin-d-un-poisson","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2018\/12\/11\/prot-ine-pacificatrice-dans-l-intestin-d-un-poisson\/","title":{"rendered":"Prot\u00e9ine pacificatrice dans l\u2019intestin d\u2019un poisson"},"content":{"rendered":"

Une prot\u00e9ine d\u00e9couverte dans l\u2019intestin du poisson z\u00e8bre pourrait nous aider \u00e0 \u00e9lucider un myst\u00e8re de longue date sur le microbiome\u00a0: pourquoi restons-nous insensibles \u00e0 la plupart des bact\u00e9ries qui nous habitent?<\/p>\n

Il y a en chacun de nous au moins autant de cellules bact\u00e9riennes que de cellules humaines. Mais les bact\u00e9ries ne sont pas toujours de bonnes voisines. Elles disposent d\u2019une paroi cellulaire dot\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9tranges prot\u00e9ines, elles lib\u00e8rent des d\u00e9chets et elles peuvent prolif\u00e9rer si massivement qu\u2019elles en viennent \u00e0 prendre le dessus. Pour nous prot\u00e9ger, nous nous sommes munis d\u2019un syst\u00e8me immunitaire qui recherche et d\u00e9truit les cellules envahissantes.<\/p>\n

Comme des billions de cellules bact\u00e9riennes nous habitent et que le syst\u00e8me immunitaire attaque des organismes \u00e9trangers, des chercheurs comme Karen Guillemin<\/a>, Boursi\u00e8re principale au sein du programme Microbiome humain<\/a>, se demandent pourquoi nous ne sommes pas aux prises avec une r\u00e9action inflammatoire massive permanente.<\/p>\n

Une des r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 cette question pourrait se trouver dans une nouvelle prot\u00e9ine d\u00e9couverte dans l\u2019intestin d\u2019un poisson z\u00e8bre dans le laboratoire de Guillemin. Cette prot\u00e9ine surnomm\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0modulateur immunitaire Aeromonas<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb (AimA) est au c\u0153ur d\u2019une nouvelle \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e dans eLife<\/a><\/em>. Elle est s\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9e par la bact\u00e9rie Aeromonas<\/em>, une r\u00e9sidente commune des vert\u00e9br\u00e9s aquatiques, et a pour fonction de contenir le syst\u00e8me immunitaire. Selon Guillemin, bien qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse d\u2019une nouvelle d\u00e9couverte scientifique, sa forme \u00ab\u00a0rappelle celle de nombreuses autres prot\u00e9ines, dont la lipocaline qui joue le r\u00f4le d\u2019anti-inflammatoire chez les mammif\u00e8res\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s une s\u00e9rie d\u2019\u00e9preuves en laboratoire, Guillemin a dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Il est \u00e9vident que cette prot\u00e9ine exhibe une puissante action immunomodulatrice chez le poisson. Et nous avons pu d\u00e9montrer qu\u2019elle soulage l\u2019inflammation caus\u00e9e par un certain nombre de stresseurs diff\u00e9rents. Nous avons d\u2019abord d\u00e9couvert qu\u2019elle peut soulager l\u2019inflammation caus\u00e9e par Aeromonas<\/em> elle-m\u00eame, mais nous avons ensuite d\u00e9montr\u00e9 qu\u2019elle pouvait aussi soulager d\u2019autres types d\u2019inflammation. Cela sugg\u00e8re qu\u2019il s\u2019agirait d\u2019un m\u00e9canisme anti-inflammatoire plus global.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

En d\u2019autres termes, la prot\u00e9ine maintient la paix. Et c\u2019est avantageux non seulement pour l\u2019h\u00f4te, qui se trouve \u00e0 \u00e9conomiser de l\u2019\u00e9nergie et \u00e0 r\u00e9colter les fruits d\u2019un microbiome stable, mais aussi pour les bact\u00e9ries, qui jouissent d\u2019un endroit stable o\u00f9 vivre et grandir. En cons\u00e9quence, selon Guillemin, \u00ab\u00a0cela a pour r\u00e9percussion emballante que les r\u00e9sidents communs de l\u2019intestin, comme Aeromonas, ont la motivation de produire des anti-inflammatoires, car c\u2019est avantageux pour eux\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Et vu son succ\u00e8s, Guillemin ne pense pas qu\u2019Aeromanas<\/em> soit la seule \u00e0 adopter cette strat\u00e9gie de conciliation dans l\u2019environnement intestinal. Des travaux ant\u00e9rieurs r\u00e9alis\u00e9s en 2015<\/a>\u00a0ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les bact\u00e9ries intestinales du poisson z\u00e8bre ne sont pas aussi pro-inflammatoires qu\u2019elles devraient l\u2019\u00eatre, ce qui sugg\u00e8re que beaucoup d\u2019entre elles pourraient utiliser des prot\u00e9ines comme AimA pour r\u00e9duire activement l\u2019inflammation et vivre en harmonie avec l\u2019h\u00f4te.<\/p>\n

Dans le cadre de travaux futurs au sein du laboratoire de Guillemin et du programme Microbiome humain du CIFAR, des chercheurs tenteront d\u2019\u00e9lucider le m\u00e9canisme d\u2019action de prot\u00e9ines comme AimA et de voir si ces m\u00e9canismes sont pr\u00e9sents chez l\u2019humain. Cela fait partie de l\u2019objectif plus large du programme de d\u00e9couvrir comment les microorganismes interagissent et co\u00e9voluent avec leur h\u00f4te et l\u2019environnement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une prot\u00e9ine d\u00e9couverte dans l\u2019intestin du poisson z\u00e8bre pourrait nous aider \u00e0 \u00e9lucider un myst\u00e8re de longue date sur le microbiome\u00a0: pourquoi restons-nous insensibles \u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":15442,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1771,927],"tags":[4577],"class_list":["post-21627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nouvelles","category-recherche","tag-karen-guillemin-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCIFAR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2018\/12\/11\/prot-ine-pacificatrice-dans-l-intestin-d-un-poisson\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Prot\u00e9ine pacificatrice dans l\u2019intestin d\u2019un poisson - 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