{"id":31184,"date":"2020-03-26T18:05:37","date_gmt":"2020-03-26T22:05:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cifar661.wpengine.com\/?p=31184"},"modified":"2022-03-15T14:42:24","modified_gmt":"2022-03-15T18:42:24","slug":"entrevoir-limpossible","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2020\/03\/26\/entrevoir-limpossible\/","title":{"rendered":"Entrevoir l\u2019impossible"},"content":{"rendered":"

Iair Arcavi, Chercheur mondial CIFAR-Azrieli, \u00e9tudie les \u00e9v\u00e9nements les plus extr\u00eames de l\u2019Univers qui d\u00e9fient r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les attentes et les th\u00e9ories.<\/span><\/h2>\n

Iair Arcavi<\/a> se d\u00e9lecte de bonnes m\u00e9taphores. \u00ab En tant qu\u2019astronomes, nous avons l\u2019Univers en guise de laboratoire \u00bb, dit-il.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Mais imaginez que vous ne pouvez pas entrer dans votre laboratoire, vous ne pouvez que rester dans le cadre de porte. Vous avez les mains li\u00e9es. Il y a tr\u00e8s peu de lumi\u00e8re. Les exp\u00e9riences s\u2019effectuent de fa\u00e7on al\u00e9atoire et vous devez r\u00e9ussir \u00e0 comprendre ce qui se passe. \u00bb Voil\u00e0 \u00e0 quoi ressemble la vie d\u2019un astronome.<\/p>\n

Dans bien d\u2019autres domaines, les chercheurs peuvent concevoir des exp\u00e9riences contr\u00f4l\u00e9es pour mettre \u00e0 l\u2019essai des hypoth\u00e8ses, mais les astronomes, eux, doivent trouver moyen d\u2019observer l\u2019Univers en action.<\/p>\n

Alors pourquoi Arcavi, dont la carri\u00e8re universitaire a d\u00e9but\u00e9 en math\u00e9matiques et en physique des particules, des domaines o\u00f9 on peut exercer un certain contr\u00f4le, a-t-il d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de se lancer en astronomie et d\u2019accepter volontairement d\u2019avoir les mains li\u00e9es et de travailler dans la p\u00e9nombre? Gr\u00e2ce aux possibilit\u00e9s emballantes qu\u2019offre un Univers regorgeant de myst\u00e8res. \u00ab Pour compenser le fait d\u2019avoir les mains li\u00e9es, la taille du laboratoire fr\u00f4le l\u2019infini, et tout peut y arriver \u00e0 tout moment \u00bb, dit-il. \u00ab Il faut simplement attraper la balle au bond. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Arcavi, professeur adjoint d\u2019astronomie \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Tel-Aviv, se joint au programme\u00a0Extr\u00eame Univers et gravit\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>du CIFAR. Dans ses recherches, il fouille le cosmos afin d\u2019y rep\u00e9rer les \u00e9v\u00e9nements les plus \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et d\u2019\u00e9lucider la physique fondamentale de l\u2019Univers. Ses travaux mettent l\u2019accent sur trois types d\u2019astronomie extr\u00eame : les supernov\u00e6, l\u2019explosion d\u2019\u00e9toiles massives en fin de vie; les \u00e9v\u00e9nements de rupture par effet de mar\u00e9e o\u00f9 des \u00e9toiles se font d\u00e9chiqueter par des trous noirs; et la fusion d\u2019\u00e9toiles \u00e0 neutrons.<\/p>\n

Ce dernier type d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement se produit quand deux \u00e9toiles d\u2019une densit\u00e9 extr\u00eame entrent en collision dans une explosion qui transmet des ondulations \u00e0 travers l\u2019espace-temps. Des t\u00e9lescopes optiques ont pu d\u00e9tecter une seule collision du genre, en 2017, et la d\u00e9couverte a fait des vagues dans la communaut\u00e9 astronomique, car c\u2019\u00e9tait la premi\u00e8re fois que des chercheurs r\u00e9ussissaient \u00e0 \u00e9tudier directement la source d\u2019ondes gravitationnelles.<\/p>\n

Stagiaire postdoctoral \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, Arcavi travaillait sur un r\u00e9seau de t\u00e9lescopes robotis\u00e9s, \u00e9parpill\u00e9s sur trois continents, avec des avant-postes au Chili, en Australie et en Afrique du Sud.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous n\u2019avions que quelques heures pour capter la premi\u00e8re lueur \u00e9manant de cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement : un \u00e9v\u00e9nement astronomique d\u2019une telle rapidit\u00e9 n\u2019avait pratiquement jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 vu \u00bb, explique-t-il. \u00ab Nous \u00e9tions l\u2019un de nombreux groupes \u00e0 l\u2019observer au cours de la premi\u00e8re nuit \u00e0 partir d\u2019observatoires au Chili, mais nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 le seul groupe \u00e0 pouvoir l\u2019observer de nouveau en Australie et ensuite, en Afrique du Sud, avant que la Terre ne fasse une rotation compl\u00e8te sur 24 heures et que tout le monde puisse observer l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement de nouveau au Chili. Comme tout \u00e9voluait si rapidement, les deux observations interm\u00e9diaires se sont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es essentielles pour cartographier l\u2019ensemble des changements qui se sont produits. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Arcavi voit des avantages aux grandes collaborations, comme le r\u00e9seau qu\u2019il a utilis\u00e9 lors de ses \u00e9tudes postdoctorales ou celui qui est \u00e0 l\u2019origine de la\u00a0photo d\u2019un trou noir<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>et dont les journaux ont fait grand cas en 2019. Mais ce que peuvent accomplir quelques personnes brillantes, en observant le ciel de fa\u00e7on cr\u00e9ative et novatrice, l\u2019enthousiasme aussi.<\/p>\n

\u00ab En astronomie, deux modes de fonctionnement me plaisent beaucoup \u00bb, dit-il. \u00ab D\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, j\u2019aime participer \u00e0 des collaborations d\u2019envergure dont les r\u00e9alisations seraient autrement impossibles et, d\u2019un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, c\u2019est passionnant de participer \u00e0 des projets plus modestes o\u00f9, pour r\u00e9aliser des d\u00e9couvertes, il ne suffit que d\u2019une petite \u00e9quipe, de cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et de quelques t\u00e9lescopes. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Nouveau Chercheur mondial CIFAR-Azrieli depuis 2019, Arcavi est emball\u00e9 par son travail au sein du programme Extr\u00eame Univers et gravit\u00e9 qui stimule sa curiosit\u00e9 et lui permet d\u2019interagir avec d\u2019\u00e9minents astronomes, mais il tient aussi \u00e0 acqu\u00e9rir des connaissances par l\u2019entremise de chercheurs en dehors de son domaine : des biologistes et des philosophes, membres d\u2019autres programmes, qu\u2019il n\u2019aurait peut-\u00eatre pas eu l\u2019occasion de rencontrer autrement.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Mon processus de r\u00e9flexion est optimal quand j\u2019ai des discussions sur tout sujet int\u00e9ressant \u00bb, dit-il. \u00ab On ne sait jamais d\u2019o\u00f9 jaillira une id\u00e9e, je crois donc qu\u2019il est important (et plaisant!) de faire preuve de curiosit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard d\u2019autres domaines. Gr\u00e2ce au programme des Chercheurs mondiaux CIFAR-Azrieli, j\u2019ai l\u2019occasion d\u2019interagir avec les plus grands chercheurs de mon niveau universitaire issus de nombreux horizons diff\u00e9rents avec lesquels je n\u2019aurais jamais pu tisser de liens autrement. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Le monde de l\u2019astronomie est plus ou moins divis\u00e9 en deux : les th\u00e9oriciens, qui formulent des \u00e9quations et r\u00e9alisent des mod\u00e8les de l\u2019Univers pour d\u00e9crire ses principes physiques, et des observateurs qui, comme Arcavi, tentent de se servir de ce qui se passe dans le cosmos pour confirmer ou infirmer ces th\u00e9ories. L\u2019attrait de la d\u00e9couverte d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nements dits impossibles par les th\u00e9ories actuelles incite Arcavi \u00e0 se replonger sans cesse dans le ciel \u00e9toil\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u2019Univers est rempli d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nements que nous ne comprenons pas, car ils sont trop brillants ou trop rapides par rapport \u00e0 ce que les lois de la physique devraient, semble-t-il, permettre \u00bb, dit-il. \u00ab Et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience nous a montr\u00e9 que chaque fois que nous pointons un t\u00e9lescope vers le ciel d\u2019une nouvelle fa\u00e7on, quelque chose de nouveau, qui avait \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux pr\u00e9dictions, s\u2019offrira \u00e0 nous. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\n

Le\u00a0programme des Chercheurs mondiaux CIFAR-Azrieli<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019appui de chercheurs exceptionnels en d\u00e9but de carri\u00e8re en leur offrant financement, mentorat, acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau mondial et perfectionnement professionnel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar Iair Arcavi studies the most extreme events in the Universe, which regularly defy expectations and theories.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":31187,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2495],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-extreme-univers-et-gravite"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCIFAR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2020\/03\/26\/entrevoir-limpossible\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Entrevoir l\u2019impossible - CIFAR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar Iair Arcavi studies the most extreme events in the Universe, which regularly defy expectations and theories.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2020\/03\/26\/entrevoir-limpossible\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CIFAR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-03-26T22:05:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-03-15T18:42:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/iair_researchbanner.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1680\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Alison Rutka\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Alison Rutka\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2020\/03\/26\/entrevoir-limpossible\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2020\/03\/26\/entrevoir-limpossible\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Alison Rutka\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/be6ac84c25822d31a0039f3d6a9a7d1b\"},\"headline\":\"Entrevoir l\u2019impossible\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-03-26T22:05:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-15T18:42:24+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2020\/03\/26\/entrevoir-limpossible\/\"},\"wordCount\":1061,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2020\/03\/26\/entrevoir-limpossible\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/iair_researchbanner.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Extr\u00eame Univers et gravit\u00e9\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2020\/03\/26\/entrevoir-limpossible\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2020\/03\/26\/entrevoir-limpossible\/\",\"name\":\"Entrevoir l\u2019impossible - 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