{"id":31215,"date":"2020-03-26T22:08:42","date_gmt":"2020-03-27T02:08:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cifar661.wpengine.com\/?p=31215"},"modified":"2022-03-15T14:43:08","modified_gmt":"2022-03-15T18:43:08","slug":"lobesite-la-cardiopathie-et-le-diabete-pourraient-etre-transmissibles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2020\/03\/26\/lobesite-la-cardiopathie-et-le-diabete-pourraient-etre-transmissibles\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, la cardiopathie et le diab\u00e8te pourraient \u00eatre transmissibles"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un nouvel article publi\u00e9 dans la revue\u00a0Science<\/a><\/em>\u00a0<\/span>par B. Brett Finlay et une \u00e9quipe de boursiers du CIFAR au sein du programme Microbiome humain propose que les maladies \u00ab non transmissibles \u00bb pourraient se transmettre d\u2019une personne \u00e0 l\u2019autre par l\u2019entremise du microbiome.<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00ab Des maladies non transmissibles \u00bb, notamment la cardiopathie, le cancer et la pneumopathie constituent maintenant les\u00a0causes de mortalit\u00e9 les plus fr\u00e9quentes<\/a>,<\/span> repr\u00e9sentant 70 pour cent des d\u00e9c\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale. On consid\u00e8re ces maladies comme \u00e9tant \u00ab non transmissibles \u00bb, car on pense qu\u2019elles sont le r\u00e9sultat d\u2019une combinaison de facteurs associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, au mode de vie et \u00e0 l\u2019environnement, et qu\u2019elles ne se transmettent pas d\u2019une personne \u00e0 l\u2019autre.<\/p>\n

Un nouvel article scientifique publi\u00e9 dans la revue\u00a0Science<\/em>\u00a0par une \u00e9quipe de boursiers du programme\u00a0Microbiome humain<\/a><\/span>\u00a0du CIFAR remet en question cette croyance de longue date en pr\u00e9sentant des r\u00e9sultats probants voulant que de nombreuses maladies puissent se transmettre par l\u2019entremise des microorganismes (y compris bact\u00e9ries, organismes fongiques et virus) qui habitent notre corps.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Si notre hypoth\u00e8se s\u2019av\u00e8re, cela va tout changer en sant\u00e9 publique \u00bb, dit\u00a0B. Brett Finlay<\/a>,<\/span> boursier du CIFAR et professeur de microbiologie \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de la Colombie-Britannique, et auteur principal de l\u2019article.<\/p>\n

Relier les points<\/span><\/h3>\n

Les auteurs fondent leur hypoth\u00e8se sur les liens entre trois fili\u00e8res distinctes de r\u00e9sultats probants. Premi\u00e8rement, ils d\u00e9montrent que le microbiome de personnes qui souffrent d\u2019un vaste \u00e9ventail de maladies, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse notamment de l\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, de la maladie inflammatoire de l\u2019intestin, du diab\u00e8te non insulinod\u00e9pendant ou de la cardiopathie, a subi des modifications. Ensuite, ils d\u00e9montrent que si l\u2019on transf\u00e8re un microbiome alt\u00e9r\u00e9 d\u2019une personne malade \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le animal, il entra\u00eenera la maladie. Finalement, les auteurs pr\u00e9sentent des r\u00e9sultats probants voulant que le microbiome soit naturellement transmissible, par exemple : le microbiome d\u2019\u00e9poux qui partagent une maison se ressemble davantage que celui de jumeaux qui vivent s\u00e9par\u00e9ment.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Quand on met tous ces r\u00e9sultats ensemble, on se met \u00e0 penser que de nombreuses maladies que l\u2019on croyait non transmissibles le sont peut-\u00eatre apr\u00e8s tout \u00bb, dit Finlay.<\/p>\n

Eran Elinav<\/a>,<\/span> un des auteurs de l\u2019article, boursier du CIFAR et professeur \u00e0 l\u2019Institut Weizmann des sciences, voit les liens \u00e9ventuels entre ces r\u00e9sultats probants comme un argument en faveur d\u2019une r\u00e9flexion plus large sur la maladie. \u00ab Cela pourrait mener \u00e0 de nouvelles possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019interventions pour certaines des maladies les plus fr\u00e9quentes et d\u00e9bilitantes du monde \u00bb, dit-il. \u00ab Nous pouvons maintenant songer \u00e0 la modulation de facteurs environnementaux et du microbiome, pas seulement \u00e0 des interventions o\u00f9 on cible l\u2019h\u00f4te. \u00bb Collaboration interdisciplinaire<\/p>\n

Le programme Microbiome humain du CIFAR tire profit de son r\u00e9seau interdisciplinaire d\u2019envergure mondiale de boursiers, de conseillers et de Chercheurs mondiaux CIFAR-Azrieli qui compte notamment des microbiologistes, des anthropologues, des immunologistes et des g\u00e9n\u00e9ticiens. Ils d\u00e9couvrent ensemble comment les microorganismes qui nous habitent influencent notre sant\u00e9, notre d\u00e9veloppement, voire notre comportement.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Cet article offre une nouvelle fa\u00e7on stimulante de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir aux maladies non transmissibles et pourrait avoir des r\u00e9percussions importantes en sant\u00e9 publique \u00bb, dit Alan Bernstein, pr\u00e9sident et chef de la direction du CIFAR. \u00ab Des id\u00e9es comme celles-ci illustrent bien ce qui arrive quand de grands chercheurs du monde entier collaborent dans un environnement o\u00f9 r\u00e8gnent la confiance, la transparence et le partage de connaissances. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Les auteurs expliquent que l\u2019article est le r\u00e9sultat direct de discussions ouvertes et exploratoires qui ont eu lieu lors d\u2019une r\u00e9union du programme du CIFAR en mars 2019.<\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u2019id\u00e9e d\u00e9coule de l\u2019int\u00e9gration de nouvelles donn\u00e9es biologiques provenant d\u2019humains et de mod\u00e8les animaux, et de r\u00e9sultats essentiels de partenaires qui travaillent avec les m\u00eames concepts, dans d\u2019autres contextes, en anthropologie et en sciences sociales \u00bb, dit Elinav.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Tout a commenc\u00e9 par une exp\u00e9rience de la pens\u00e9e \u00bb, dit Finlay, \u00ab mais l\u2019emballement nous a ensuite pris quand nous avons commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir aux r\u00e9sultats probants que nous avions. Quand l\u2019article s\u2019est mis \u00e0 prendre forme et que de nouveaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments de donn\u00e9es de sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9s diff\u00e9rentes ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 surgir, les discussions se sont mises \u00e0 fuser autour de la table. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Prochaines \u00e9tapes<\/span><\/h3>\n

Quoique cette hypoth\u00e8se suscite beaucoup d\u2019enthousiasme, les chercheurs pr\u00e9cisent que les m\u00e9canismes en jeu sont encore tr\u00e8s n\u00e9buleux. \u00ab Nous ignorons encore dans quelles circonstances la transmission augmente, ou bien si une transmission non pathologique est possible \u00bb, dit une des auteures de l\u2019article,\u00a0Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello<\/a>,<\/span> boursi\u00e8re du CIFAR et professeure \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Rutgers. \u00ab Nous devons r\u00e9aliser d\u2019autres recherches pour comprendre la transmission microbienne et ses effets. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous esp\u00e9rons que l\u2019article sera une source d\u2019inspiration pour d\u2019autres recherches sur les m\u00e9canismes et l\u2019\u00e9tendue de la transmissibilit\u00e9 \u00bb, dit Finlay. \u00ab Nous encourageons tous les chercheurs qui r\u00e9alisent des \u00e9tudes sur la maladie \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir aux effets \u00e9ventuels des microorganismes. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\n

L\u2019article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 dans la revue\u00a0Science<\/a><\/em>\u00a0<\/span>le 17 janvier 2020.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un nouvel article publi\u00e9 dans la revue Science propose que les maladies \u00ab non transmissibles \u00bb pourraient se transmettre d\u2019une personne \u00e0 l\u2019autre par l\u2019entremise du microbiome.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":31214,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4462,11,1771,4391,927],"tags":[4506,2100,2408,4590,4399,3995,4676],"class_list":["post-31215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-microbiomes-en-sante-dans-un-monde-en-mutation","category-non-classifiee","category-nouvelles","category-percees","category-recherche","tag-b-brett-finlay-fr","tag-biologie","tag-eran-elinav","tag-maria-gloria-dominguez-bello-fr","tag-medecine","tag-medicine","tag-obesite"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCIFAR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2020\/03\/26\/lobesite-la-cardiopathie-et-le-diabete-pourraient-etre-transmissibles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, la cardiopathie et le diab\u00e8te pourraient \u00eatre transmissibles - CIFAR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un nouvel article publi\u00e9 dans la revue Science propose que les maladies \u00ab non transmissibles \u00bb pourraient se transmettre d\u2019une personne \u00e0 l\u2019autre par l\u2019entremise du microbiome.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/fr\/cifarnews\/2020\/03\/26\/lobesite-la-cardiopathie-et-le-diabete-pourraient-etre-transmissibles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CIFAR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-03-27T02:08:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-03-15T18:43:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/HMB-new-RGB-72.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Alison Rutka\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Alison Rutka\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cifar.ca\\\/fr\\\/cifarnews\\\/2020\\\/03\\\/26\\\/lobesite-la-cardiopathie-et-le-diabete-pourraient-etre-transmissibles\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cifar.ca\\\/fr\\\/cifarnews\\\/2020\\\/03\\\/26\\\/lobesite-la-cardiopathie-et-le-diabete-pourraient-etre-transmissibles\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Alison Rutka\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cifar.ca\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/be6ac84c25822d31a0039f3d6a9a7d1b\"},\"headline\":\"L\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, la cardiopathie et le diab\u00e8te pourraient \u00eatre transmissibles\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-03-27T02:08:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-15T18:43:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cifar.ca\\\/fr\\\/cifarnews\\\/2020\\\/03\\\/26\\\/lobesite-la-cardiopathie-et-le-diabete-pourraient-etre-transmissibles\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":901,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cifar.ca\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cifar.ca\\\/fr\\\/cifarnews\\\/2020\\\/03\\\/26\\\/lobesite-la-cardiopathie-et-le-diabete-pourraient-etre-transmissibles\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cifar.ca\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/03\\\/HMB-new-RGB-72.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"B. 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